The Entertainment Software Rating Board ( ESRB ) is a self-regulatory organization that assigns age and content ratings, enforces industry-adopted advertising guidelines, and ensures responsible online privacy principles for computer and video games and other entertainment software in Canada and the United States.
The ESRB was established in 1994 by the Entertainment Software Association (formerly Interactive Digital Software Association). By late 2009, it had assigned nearly 18,000 ratings to titles submitted by more than 350 publishers.
One of the reasons the ESRB was founded was due to violent content found in video games such as Night Trap , Mortal Kombat , Lethal Enforcers , and Doom , as well as other controversial video games portraying overly violent or intense sexual situations at the time.
The ESRB assigns ratings to games based on their content, similar to the motion picture rating systems used in many countries. Their aim is to aid consumers in determining a game's content and suitability. A game's rating is displayed on its box, the media, in advertisements and on the game's website(s).
The rating system is strictly voluntary, however nearly all video games are submitted for rating because many retail stores prohibit the sale of unrated video games and the major console manufacturers will not license games for their systems unless they carry ESRB ratings.
The symbols ESRB uses are stylized depictions of alphabetical letters meant to convey at a glance the game's suitability. ESRB currently uses 7 different ratings.
The following ratings are no longer used, but they may appear on games published prior to their discontinuation.
The content descriptors are not exhaustive descriptions of all content within a game: they are applied within the context of the rating a game is assigned. For example, a Teen game with one use of strong language and numerous uses of mild language would receive a "Mild Language" descriptor. They are also not always printed as shown below. They may have additional words added to further clarify the highlighted content such as " Mild Blood" and " Mild Suggestive Themes". More recently, games rated T or M may also have the disclaimer "May contain content inappropriate for children" displayed in the games' trailers, although for the former rating, it does not necessarily mean that the game should not be played by younger children, as although it can be intense, it is still not enough to be considered extreme, and therefore is still sold without any restrictions in actual age, with the rating merely advisory in nature, although parental guidance is still recommended.
The following content descriptors have been updated or are no longer used, but they may appear on games published prior to their discontinuation. Reissued games that were originally rated when the now-discontinued descriptors used by the ESRB may still contain such descriptors on their packaging.
To obtain a rating for a game, a publisher sends the ESRB videotaped footage of the most graphic and extreme content found in the game. The publisher also fills out a questionnaire describing the game's content and pays a fee based on the game's development cost:
On its website, the ESRB states that three trained raters, working independently, watch the footage and recommend a rating. If all raters agree on the rating, content descriptors are added and the ESRB notifies the publisher of its decision. If there is no consensus, additional raters review the footage and materials, or the majority opinion rules. After the rating is agreed upon, the ESRB in-house personnel review the footage and all materials to ensure that all information is accurate and a certificate is sent to the publisher. However, that decision is not final. If the publisher wishes, they may edit the game and resubmit the footage and questionnaire in order to achieve a lower rating, or appeal the information. If this is the case, the process begins anew. The publisher may also appeal the game's rating if they wish. The appeals committee is composed of entertainment software industry representatives.
When the game is ready for release, the publisher sends copies of the final version of the game to the ESRB. The game packaging is reviewed, and the ESRB says t
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