The Ford FE engine is a Ford V8 engine used in vehicles sold in the North American market between 1958 and 1976. A related engine, the Ford FT engine, was used in medium and heavy trucks from 1964 through 1978. The FE filled the need for a medium-displacement engine created by the discontinuation of the Lincoln Y-block V8 engine. The FE joined Ford's other V8s which included a small Y-block and the big block MEL engines.
"FE" is an acronym for 'Ford-Edsel'. Versions designed for use in trucks and school buses were known as "FT", an acronym for 'Ford-Truck', and differed primarily by having steel (instead of nodular iron) crankshafts, larger crank snouts and different distributors.
FE series engines powered many vehicles; cars, trucks, buses, boats, industrial pumps and racing vehicles. Ford produced the engine from 1958 and ceased production in 1976. The aftermarket has continued to support the engine with replacement parts as well as many newly engineered and improved components.
In Ford vehicles, the FE powered mostly midsize cars and trucks. In the Ford engine hierarchy of the time it served as Ford's medium block. The MEL engine, the "Mercury-Edsel-Lincoln" engine, was reserved for the larger luxury vehicles through 1967. The MEL was then replaced by the 385 series engine which also eventually became the successor to the FE when the FE was discontinued in 1976.
Vehicles in which the FE were installed included Mercurys, Galaxie, the Mustang beginning in 1967, Fairlane, Thunderbird beginning in 1958, as well as in Ford trucks. The FE was also sold to third parties for use in their own products such as buses, boats and agricultural equipment.
Ford regularly made updates to the design of the FE which appear as engineering codes or variations in casting numbers of parts. In addition to production casting codes, Ford also made use of "XE" numbers if the parts were one-off or developmental designs not approved for production. Many parts attached to Ford's racing engines carried XE numbers.
FE engines powered irrigation pumps, generators and other machinery where long-running, low-rpm, reliable service was required.
The FE block was cast using a thinwall casting technique. Instead of relying on large quantities of metal being poured into molds in unnecessary thicknesses, Ford engineers determined the proper amount of metal actually needed and reengineered the casting process to allow for consistent dimensional results pour after pour. This resulted in less metal being used, lower cost of materials for Ford and lighter engines. A Ford FE from the factory weighed 650 lb (295 kg) with all iron components. With an aluminum intake and aluminum water pump this weight could be reduced to under 600 lb (272 kg). At the time, engines of similar displacements weighed over 700 lb (318 kg). This weight savings was significant to boaters and to racers. For marine applications the FE became popular in V-drive applications and was available in Chris Craft boats as a factory option.
Specific models that used FE engines include the AC Cobra MKIII, AC Frua, high-performance Ford Mustangs between 1967 and 1970, many racing versions of the Ford Galaxies, Ford Fairlanes, Ford Thunderbirds and others.
In the 1960s most organized racing events required either stock components or components that were readily available to the general public. For NASCAR racing, rules required that at least 500 vehicles be sold to the general public equipped as raced. Many drag racing and road racing organizations had similar rules, which contributed to a wide range of performance parts being made available through Ford dealership parts counters. In addition, aftermarket suppliers produced performance parts and accessories.
The use of the FE by Ford itself as the powerplant in many of its racing programs and performance vehicles resulted in constant improvements and engineering changes over the course of its life. Racing-inspired changes to the FE included the sideoiler block which directed oil first to the lower portions of the block. The next major development was the high-riser intake and matching heads which were allowed by NASCAR for one season (1964). While Richard Petty, driving for Chrysler, stole headlines at Daytona in 1964, the High-riser Galaxies still won the majority of the Grand National races that year. For 1965 NASCAR banned Ford's high-riser engines claiming they did not actually fit under "stock" hoods, allowing Chrysler to continue racing its 426 Hemi, which had never been installed in a production vehicle until that year. For 1965 Ford developed the medium-riser intake and head, which did fit under stock hoods and was accepted by NASCAR. In 1965 Chrysler installed its first 426 Hemis in production cars and the race was on. Ned Jarrett driving for Ford was the 1965 Grand National champion and Ford won the NASCAR crown.
In 1965 Ford, in conjunction with Carroll Shelby, began production of a new and improved Cobra meant for racing. This version utilized a 427 cubic inch side-oiler version of the FE in place of the original's 289 cubic inch smallblock, produced almost 500 horsepower and top speeds of over 180 mph. Ford was not able to homologate this car for the 1965 racing, thus, most of its racing success came at the hands of private racers.
In 1966, the 427 cubic inch GT40 Mk II dominated the 24 Hours of Le Mans race with a 1-2-3 result.
In 1967 the FE again powered the 24 Hours of Le Mans winner. In 1968 the rules of the race were changed limiting displacement to 302 cubic inches under certain circumstances. Ford won the following two years using its smallblock in the GT40.
Ford's racing arm, Holman-Moody, also developed a version of the FE for the Can Am racing series. This version of the FE used factory supplied tunnel port heads, a mechanical fuel injection system mounted on a crossram intake manifold, and a revised dry sump oiling system. In this event only limited success was achieved.
Organized drag racing (NHRA, AHRA and even NASCAR dabbled in drag racing in the mid 1960's) was a major venue for the FE in various forms. Many of the most innovative products were developed and used for 1/4 mile drag racing as aftermarket suppliers eagerly supported the engine design with products ranging from special intakes, camshafts, GMC 6-71 blowers, manifolds, heads, water and fuel pumps, hoses and headers.
In 1970, an FE-powered vehicle set the Land Speed Record for the U.K. Tony Densham set a new British Land Speed Record of just over 207.6 mph over the flying kilometer (the average of two runs in opposite directions within an hour) and then held onto the record for over 30 years. The FE-powered vehicle beat the official British wheel-driven record over the flying 500 and kilometre distances, until then held by Sir Malcolm Campbell, of 174.883 mph
The FE and FT engines are Y-block designs—so called because the cylinder block casting extends below the crankshaft centerline, giving great rigidity and support to the crankshaft's bearings. In these engines, the casting extends 3.625 in (92.1 mm) below the crankshaft centerline, which is more than an inch below the bottom of the crank journals.
All FE and FT engines have a bore spacing (distance between cylinder centers) of 4.63 in (118 mm), and a deck height (distance from crank center to top of block) of 10.17 in (258 mm). The main journal (crankshaft bearing) diameter is 2.749 in (69.8 mm).
Blocks were cast in two major groups: top-oiler and side-oiler. The top-oiler block sent oil to the top center first, the side-oiler block sent oil along along a passage located on the lower side of the block first.
Because the FE was never a completely static design and was constantly being improved by Ford, references to a particular version of the FE can become difficult. Generally though, most FE's can be described using the following descriptors:
1) Carburetor count, i.e. 2V (2 barrel), single 4V, dual quad (2 4V carburetors), tripower (3 2
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