Mixed Oil Wrestling Video
Mixed Oil Wrestling Video
Oil wrestling (in TUrkish yağlı güreş ) is the Turkish national sport. It is known sometimes as grease wrestling because the wrestlers douse themselves with olive oil. It is related to Uzbek Kurash, Tuvan Khuresh and to Tatar Köräş. The wrestlers, known as pehlivan (from Persian پهلوان or pehlevān , meaning "hero" or "champion") wear a type of hand-stitched lederhosen called kisbet (sometimes kispet), which were traditionally made of water buffalo hide, but now also of calfskin.
Unlike Olympic wrestling, oil wrestling matches may be won by achieving an effective hold of the kisbet. Thus, the pehlivan aims to control his opponent by putting his arm through the latter's kisbet. To win by this move is called paça kazık . Originally, matches had no set duration and could go on for one or two days, until one man was able to establish superiority, but in 1975 the duration was capped at 40 minutes for the baspehlivan and 30 minutes for the pehlivan category. If no winner is determined, another 15 minutes—10 minutes for the pehlivan category—of wrestling ensues, wherein scores are kept to determine the victor.
The annual Kırkpınar tournament, held in Edirne in Turkish Thrace since 1362, is the oldest continuously running, sanctioned sporting competition in the world. In recent years this style of wrestling has also become popular in other countries, most notably the Netherlands and Japan.
History
The earliest depictions of wrestling are found in the Beni Hasan Temple in Egypt. The sport of oil wrestling dates back to 2650 BC in Egypt and Assyria. Turkish wrestlers had started covering themselves according to the Islamic law (between the navel and the knees) after the 10th century. Freestyle and the leather clothing came from traditional Turkish wrestling called "karakucak" (literally means black hug), olive oil came from the ancient olympic wrestling and most of the wrestling terms from Persian. In the Ottoman Empire, wrestlers learned the art in special schools called تکیه tekke , which were not merely athletic centres, but also spiritual centres, similar to those attended by the Japanese Sumo wrestlers, where it was taught that man is not just matter, but also spirit. These centers bear a striking resemblance to the Zurkhanes of Iran. This could explain the abundance of Persian terms in oil wrestling. Since competition without the harmony of matter and spirit would be detrimental to the development of good character, wrestlers oil one another prior to matches as a demonstration of balance and mutual respect. Equally, if a younger man should defeat an older man, he kisses the latter's hand (A sign of respect for elders in Turkey, similar to a Japanese bow).
Matches are held all over Turkey throughout the year, but in early summer the wrestlers gather in Kırkpınar for the annual three-day wrestling tournament to determine who will be the baspehlivan (meaning "chief wrestler", and similar to "yokozuna" in sumo wrestling) of Turkey. Every year, around 1000 wrestlers attend the tournament. Ottoman chroniclers and writers attest that the Kırkpınar Games have been held every year since 1362, making them the world's oldest continually sanctioned sporting competition. Only about 70 times were the Games cancelled. The matches have been held there since 1924, where they were moved after the Balkan War. The original site had been some 35 kilometres distant.
Kırkpınar, on the outskirts of Edirne (the second capital of the Ottoman Empire until the fall of Constantinople in 1453), was once the site of the summer hunting palace of the Ottoman Sultan.
There are some organized competitions outside Turkey, prominent among which is the Royal Dutch Power Sport Federation ( KNKF Koninklijke Nederlandse Krachtsport en Fitnessfederatie ) in the Netherlands.
Notable pehlivans
- 1861-1886 Gaddar Kel Aliço "Ruthless Bald Alico" (born 1845 - died 1922), champion for 26 years, left the sport after a defeat by Koca Yusuf and became the coach of Adali Halil.
- 1887 Koca Yusuf of Sumnu / Aliço apprentice (b. 1857 Sumnu, near Deliorman Bulgaria - d. 4th of June 1898) defeated in 1887 Kel Alico at the Edirne Kırkpınar and got the Gold Belt. Champion for 11 years (1887-1897). He defeated all the wrestling champions in Europe and went to America to defeat Robert the Champion of America, becoming the Universal Champion of wrestling on the 21st of May 1898.
- 1896 (?)1898(?) Adalı Halil Pehlivan / Aliço apprentice (b. 1871 Kilise Köy,Greece - d.1926 Edirne) was buried on the special erected Pehlivan Cemetery. Champion since 1898 to 1913 (i.e. for 16 years) or 18 years continuously (i.e. since 1896) (depending the sources). At the beginning of the Edirne Kırkpınar all wrestlers and officials go to his grave for a ceremonial prayer.
- Yusuf Pehlivan of Geçkin
- 1914 Hergeleci İbrahim (b. 1848 in Islopol Razgrad - d. 1915), nicknamed Hergeleci as he was a trainer of wild horses, defeated Adali Halil at the Edirne Kırkpınar and became the coach of Koca Yusuf. In Paris, France, he wrestled with Yusuf. The match was interrupted and never completed.
- Kara Murat of Çömlek Village
- Molla İzzet of Silivri
- Nakkaş Eyüp of Çatalca (b. Kestanelik Village near Catalca) was nicknamed Nakkas (miniaturist) because he was very careful while wrestling, so it was commonly said his style is that of a miniaturist.
- Yenici Mehmet
- Mahmut of Kızılcık (b. 1878 Kizilcik near Dobruca, Romania - d. 1931 Eskişehir, Turkey)
After oilwrestling-fame of being Champion at the Edirne Kırkpınar he went to Paris where he stood undefeated after 27 wrestling matches. His fame spread around the World and Kizilcikli Mahmut won all the wrestling matches he fought in the USA in the years 1908, 1909, 1919 and 1922. His legendary strength is still remembered in Romania.
- Mehmet of Kurtdere (b. 1864 in Deliorman, Bulgaria)- d.1939 Balıkesir, Turkey) wrestled with all famous wrestlers of his time and was very famous. He traveled to France, Great Britain, The Netherlands and the USA but was never defeated.
- Çolak Mümin Molla ( b.1873 Kavala, Greece - d.1915) became famous after he defeated Adali Halil. There are conflicting stories about this hero of the Edirne Kırkpınar. Mumin was called Colak for having one arm missing (or paralyzed).
- Suyolcu Mehmet
- Benli Badullah First Champion of the Turkish Republic Era, in 1924
Notable Aghas
- Ahmet Muhtar Merter 1957, 1958, 1959.
Popular culture
- In the television show Andrew Zimmern's Bizarre World , its host Andrew Zimmern experiences Yağlı güreş firsthand.
- In the fighting game Super Street Fighter IV , the character Hakan uses an extremely exaggerated form of Yağlı güreş as his fighting style, but he is also bringing knowledge of the sport to the gaming mainstream.
See also
- Kırkpınar
- Köräş
- Kurash
- Greek Wrestling
- Pahlavani
- Pehlwani
- Mongolian wrestling
References
- ^ List of Ağas (turkish).
External links
- Kırkpınar News (English)
-
Kırkpınar
(English)
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