For Sale Hot Tub Jacuzzi
For Sale Hot Tub Jacuzzi
A hot tub is a large home-made or manufactured tub or small pool full of heated water and used for soaking, relaxation, massage, or hydrotherapy. In most cases, they have jets for massage purposes. Hot tubs are usually located outdoors, and are often sheltered for protection from the elements, as well as for privacy. Other variants in naming include "SPA", and the trade name "Jacuzzi". These variants can be used to mean an indoor fixture, but a "Hot Tub" is almost always outdoors.
There are essentially two different styles of hot tubs:
- Simple wooden-staved soaking tubs
- One piece plastic tubs (usually referred to as spas)
Hot tubs are usually heated using an electric or natural gas heater, though there are also submersible wood-fired heaters, as well as solar hot water systems. Hot tubs are also found at natural hot springs; in this case, the water may be dangerously hot and must be combined with cool water for a safe soaking temperature.
Water sanitization is very important in hot tubs, as many organisms thrive in a warm, wet environment. Maintaining the hot tub water chemistry is also necessary for proper sanitization and to prevent damage to the hot tub.
Wooden tubs
This style of hot tub is constructed with wooden staves and steel bands very much like a very large Barrel (storage). The staves are usually made of redwood, cedar, or teak, with most older tubs made of redwood. Wooden hot tubs are often quite deep (90-120cm, 36"-48"), and can be inset within a wooden deck for ease of entry. Inside the tub, wooden bench seating is common, forming a ring around the inner circumference of the tub.
One piece hot tubs
One piece spas, also known as unibody spas, are formed as one piece with shapes that provide a variety of seating arrangements within the tub. Each integral seat is often equipped with one or more water jets that allows water to be directed at parts of the body. The water flow may be aerated for additional effect, and some or all of the jets may also automatically move or rotate, providing a massage-like effect. Although wooden tubs were the most common type of hot tub in the 1970s, one-piece hot tubs now dominate the market as they are less expensive to manufacture, easier to install, and more energy efficient. In America, these kinds of tubs are also incorrectly referred to as Jacuzzi or Whirlpool tubs, though both are brand names.
One piece spas are usually shallower than wooden tubs, usually being 80-95 cm (32" to 36") in height to fit through doors and narrow hallways. Cranes are occasionally used to place one piece spas in a backyard or other location that does not have adequate clearance for carrying the tub.
Spas usually have between one and four water pumps, with one circulation pump serving the heating and filtration water loop and the other(s) driving the hydrotherapy jets. Sophisticated computer controls are now common and many tubs now are equipped with extensive lighting, sound systems, and even flat panel televisions with DVD players, or hydraulophones (water-based musical instruments built into the hot tubs).
Construction of a one-piece spa
The spa shell is the exterior of the tub, and is composed of a surface and an understructure that are bonded together during the manufacturing process. The surface is the source of the color, look and feel of the spa, so it should resist deterioration due to the sun, spa chemicals, or normal wear and tear. Some high-end shells have special coatings to make them more stain resistant or have anti-bacterial ingredients molded into the shell material.
There two primary methods used for manufacturing one piece spa shells:
- vacuum forming of an acrylic base by placing the sheet over a mold and heating with an overhead heater while pulling a vacuum on the mold
- rotational molding: involves placing polyethylene powder in an aluminum mold which is then heated and spun in a large oven so that the plastic melts and takes the form of the mold.
The understructure of the shell provides the strength needed to support hundreds of gallons of water and the weight of the bathers (the cabinet is not normally part of the weight-bearing structure). The substructure is generally made of FRP (commonly called fiberglass), though some companies use ABS or other plastics. Some manufacturers build a self-supporting shell, while others use secondary supports of wood or metal under the seats or in high-stress areas to reduce the amount of FRP required. Some companies use a perimeter frame of wood or metal to support the rim.
The plumbing of the spa consists of several distinct systems:
- A pressure system delivering water to the jets
- A suction system returning water to the pumps.
- A filtration system: the plumbing has to incorporate a filter system to help clean the water. Some models use a separate small 24/7 filter pump while others use programmed settings of the main pumps.
- Induced air: The jets may use a venturi effect to incorporate air into the water stream for a lighter massage effect; this requires another set of hoses.
- Some models use an air blower to force air through a separate set of jets for a different "bubbly" massage effect; this is a separate system from the induced air.
- An ozone system: ozonation is a common adjunct to water maintenance, and if installed will have its own set of hoses and fittings.
The spa cabinet is the skirting around the hot tub, and serves as both an enclosure for the plumbing and a decorative wrap. For many years, spa cabinetry was made of wood, most commonly redwood or cedar, and this is still a popular choice. Wood cabinets require regular maintenance, though, especially in climates where they are exposed to severe weathering. Synthetic materials are increasingly popular because they are seen as requiring relatively little maintenance to keep their appearance.
One piece spa as a sculptural form
The SpaBerry is Canadian-made energy-efficient hot tub manufactured to take on a sculptural form that is a movable unit for being placed easily in any context. It weights only 240 pounds empty and 1280 pounds when full, so it is easy to move when empty (or even when full, with the appropriate wheeled base). It is made from one piece of re-enforced acrylic that extends all the way to the ground on the outside, and is the same piece of acrylic that forms the interiour of the tub. It embodies a number of important innovations that make it energy efficient, thus being able to operate in cold environments such as presented by the Canadian winter. It is sold internationally, shipped from the manufacturing plant, and is also available in stores such as Lowes in Canada and the United States.
The SpaBerry uses a heating and control system manufactured by Gecko, another Canadian company. It runs on 120 volts to 240 volts and follows closely Ohm's law (e.g. approximate linear relationship between voltage and amperage) as follows:
- 1kW at 120 volts;
- 3kW at 208 volts (3phase line-to-line);
- 4kw at 240 volts.
The SpaBerry uses a unique one-piece cover that reduces heat dissipation by more than a factor of 10 (e.g. from 3kW down to about 200W at -20deg C. ambient air temperature and 104deg. F tub temperature).
Energy efficiency
Effective insulation greatly improves the energy efficiency of a spa. There are several different styles of spa insulation: some manufacturers fill the entire cabinet with foam, while others insulate the underside of the shell, the inside of the cabinet, or both. Not surprisingly, many manufacturers advertise the superiority of their approach to insulation, but few independent side-by-side comparisons are available. The spa pump and hot tub heater represent most of the power consumption in a hot tub and vary in use of power depending on their size.
Energy efficiency of the tubs has been studied by the Pacific Gas and Electric Company. The industry has responded to the study.
After this study, both the California Energy Commission and National Resources Canada have taken an interest in the energy efficiency of portable spas (late 2006).
California's portable electric spa listing include R Values of thermal insulation, and standby watts.
Spa covers have been shown to reduce most if not all of the evaporative losses from the pool when not in use. With this component of heat loss being 70% a cover with even a small R-value is able to achieve as much as a 75% reduction in heating costs when used as opposed to leaving the water surface exposed.
Sanitation and chemistry
Maintaining hot tub water sanitation and chemistry is ne
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