Imperial College London (officially The Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine as titled in its Royal Charter) is a British university in London specialising in science, engineering, medicine and business.
Imperial was placed 5th overall in the world in the 2009 Times Higher Education-QS World University Rankings of universities worldwide, and was placed 26th in the Shanghai Jiao Tong Academic Ranking of World Universities.
Imperial College London is a member of the Russell Group of Universities, a part of the Golden Triangle, the IDEA League, the European University Association, AMBA, and the Association of Commonwealth Universities.
Imperial's main campus is located in South Kensington in Central London, on the boundary between the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea and the City of Westminster (the Knightsbridge part), with its front entrance on Exhibition Road. Including Imperial's other campuses, there is a total of 525,233 square metres (5,653,560 sq ft) of property which is the largest operational estate of any higher education institution in the UK.
Formerly a constituent college of the University of London, Imperial became independent of the university on 8 July 2007, the 100th anniversary of its founding.
The origins of the various constituent elements of Imperial College can be traced back as far as the fifteenth century. The College of St Gregory and St Martin at Wye was originally founded in 1447 as a seminary, with an agricultural college being established at Wye in 1890s after the removal of the theological college. Wye College merged with Imperial College in 2000.
Charing Cross Hospital, Westminster Hospital and St Mary's Hospital medical schools were opened in 1823, 1834 and 1854 respectively.
The Royal School of Mines was founded by Sir Henry de la Beche in 1851. This laid one of the foundation stones of scientific teaching in Britain. The Royal College of Science was established in 1881 and the City and Guilds College in 1884.
In 1907, the newly established board of education found that a need for higher technical education was necessary and a proposal to merge the City and Guilds College, the Royal School of Mines and the Royal College of Science was approved and passed, creating what is now the Imperial College of London. The signing of the Royal Charter granted by Edward VII was officially done on July 8 of 1907. The newly founded Imperial College was integrated into the University of London.
The main campus of Imperial College is built on what was known as the Imperial Institute, which existed from 1887-1958. The Imperial Institute was an institution strongly biased towards scientific research that focused on industrial and commercial development that would benefit the Empire and its colonies
In later years, St Mary's Hospital Medical School (1988), the National Heart and Lung Institute (1995), and the Charing Cross and Westminster Medical School (1997) merged into the Imperial College School of Medicine, the fourth constituent college. The size of the Medical School was increased in 1997 with the merger with the Royal Postgraduate Medical School (RPMS) and the Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, and again in 2000 with a merger with the Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology. Many medical academics were disturbed by the disappearance of the RPMS which had been a major force in British Medicine for decades.
Also in 2000, Imperial merged with Wye College, the University of London's agricultural college in Wye, Kent. It has been claimed that the merger might have been motivated by Imperial's interest in acquiring land owned by Wye College, rather than for academic reasons; Wye College accepted the merger because it was in financial difficulties. In December 2005, the college announced a science park programme at the Wye campus; however, this was abandoned in September 2006 following local environmental complaints that this programme would have a negative impact on the surrounding countryside. Wye College will now be run by the University of Kent from September 2007 in association with Imperial College London and Wye College, graduates will receive a degree from the University of Kent and an Imperial Associateship of Wye College.
In 1995, Imperial launched its own academic publishing house, Imperial College Press, in partnership with World Scientific.
In 2002, the constituent colleges were abolished in favour of a new faculty structure. A merger with University College London was proposed in October that year, but was called off a month later after protests from staff over fear of redundancies.
In 2003, the College was granted degree-awarding powers in its own right by the Privy Council. Exercising this power would be incompatible with remaining in the federal University of London; hence, on 9 December 2005, Imperial College announced that it would commence negotiations to secede from the federal University.
The college became independent in July 2007 with the belief that its reputation exceeds other colleges of the University of London and the first students to register for an Imperial College degree were postgraduates beginning their course in October 2007, with the first undergraduates enrolling for an Imperial degree in October 2008. The first group of students to be awarded the Imperial College degree by default commenced their studies in 2008, but students already registered were offered the option of choosing to be awarded a University of London degree or an Imperial College degree. The first undergraduates to be awarded Imperial College degrees graduated in 2008.
The College's official title is Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine , which it used in public relations up to 2002, now it is only used in official documents and situations.
Imperial College's activity is centred on its South Kensington campus, situated in an area with a high concentration of cultural and academic institutions known as the Albertopolis; the Natural History Museum, the Science Museum, the Victoria and Albert Museum, the Royal College of Music, the Royal College of Art, the Royal Geographical Society and the Royal Albert Hall are all nearby. Imperial College has two other major campuses — at Silwood Park (near Ascot in Berkshire) and at Wye (near Ashford in Kent). The Imperial College NHS Trust runs multiple hospitals throughout Greater London and various medic lectures are conducted within these hospitals, including St. Mary's Hospital, Charing Cross Hospital, Northwick Park Hospital & St. Mark's Hospital and Hammersmith Hospital. In 1997, the parliamentary Imperial College Act 1997 officially transferred all the obligations, powers and property of Charing Cross and Westminster Medical School, the National Heart and Lung Institute and the Royal Postgraduate Medical School to Imperial College. The expansion of the South Kensington campus in the 1960s absorbed the site of the former Imperial Institute, designed by Thomas Collcutt, of which only the 287 foot (87 m) high Queen's Tower remains among the more modern buildings.
Extensive renovation continues throughout the College estate. Recent major projects include the Imperial College Business School, the Ethos sports centre, the Southside hall of residence and the Eastside hall of residence. Current major projects include the refurbishment of the Central Library and the reconstruction of the south-eastern quadrant of the campus.
Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust was formed on 1 October 2007 by the merger of Hammersmith Hospitals NHS Trust (Charing Cross Hospital, Hammersmith Hospital and Queen Charlotte's and Chelsea Hospital) and St Mary's NHS Trust (St. Mary's Hospital and Western Eye Hospital) with Imperial College London Faculty of Medicine. It is an academic health science centre and manages five hospitals: Charing Cross Hospital, Queen Charlotte's and Chelsea Hospital, Hammersmith Hospital, St Mary's Hospital, and Western Eye Hospital. The Trust is currently the largest in the UK and has an annual turnover of £800 million, treating more than a million patients a year. The Trust's chief executive, Professor Stephen Smith, was formerly the principal of the Faculty of Medicine of Imperial College London. The chair of the Trust is Lord Tugendhat.
Other (non-academic health science centres) hospitals affiliated with Imperial College include Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, Royal Brompton Hospital, West Middlesex University Hospital, Hillingdon Hospital, Mount Vernon Hospital, Harefield Hospital, Ealing Hospital, Central Middlesex Hospital, Northwick Park Hospital, St.Peter's Hospital (UK).
Imperial College London is among the most selective universities in the UK. From 1999 to 2007 (dates of all the online available records), the overall acceptance rate of Imperial College programmes has been consistently below 20%, and in 2007, the acceptance rate of the college for undergraduates was 15.3%. The acceptance rate for postgraduate courses was 19.5%. To apply to an Imperial undergraduate course, as with all other universities in the United Kingdom, one must apply
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