B Comic Panel Strip
B Comic Panel Strip
A comic strip is a sequence of cartoons that tells a story, often humorous, though action-adventure. science fiction and soap opera-like dramas are also prevalent. While one or several panels can complete a "gag-a-day" strip, the continuity strips can feature a narrative serialized over weeks, months or years. Strips are written and drawn by a comics artist or cartoonist, and many are published on a recurring basis (usually daily or weekly) in newspapers and on the Internet.
In the UK and the rest of Europe comic strips are also serialized in comic book magazines, with a strip's story sometimes continuing over three pages or more. Comic strips have appeared in American magazines such as Liberty and Boys' Life and also on the front covers of magazines, as was the case with the Flossy Frills series on The American Weekly Sunday newspaper supplement. There were more than 200 different comic strips and daily cartoon panels in American newspapers each day of the 20th century for a total of at least 7,300,000 episodes.
As the name implies, comic strips can be humorous (for example, "gag-a-day" strips such as Blondie , Bringing Up Father and Pearls Before Swine ). Starting in the early 1930s, comic strips expanded to feature adventure stories, as seen in Captain Easy , Buck Rogers , Tarzan and The Adventures of Tintin . Soap-opera continuity strips such as Judge Parker and Mary Worth gained popularity in the 1940s. All are called, generically, "comic strips", though cartoonist Will Eisner has suggested that "sequential art" would be a better name for them.
History
Storytelling using a sequence of pictures has existed through history. One medieval European example in textile form is the Bayeux Tapestry. Examples in print form exist in 19th-century Germany and in 18th-century England, where some of the first satirical or humorous sequential narrative drawings were produced. William Hogarth's English cartoons from the 18th century include both "single panel" work and also narrative sequences, such as A Rake's Progress .
The Biblia pauperum ("Paupers' Bible"), a tradition of picture Bibles beginning in the later Middle Ages, sometimes depicted Biblical events with words spoken by the figures in the miniatures written on scrolls coming out of their mouths—which makes them to some extent ancestors of the modern cartoon strips.
The first newspaper comic strips appeared in America in the late 19th century. The Yellow Kid is usually credited as the first. However, the artform combining words and pictures evolved gradually, and there are many examples of proto-comic strips.
The Swiss teacher, author and caricature artist Rodolphe Toepffer (Geneva, 1799-1846) is considered the father of the modern comic strips. His illustrated stories such as Histoire de M. Vieux Bois (1827), first published in the USA in 1842 as "The Adventures of Obadiah Oldbuck", or "Histoire de Monsieur Jabot" (1831) are believed to have inspired subsequent generations of German and American comic artists. In 1865, the German painter, author and caricaturist Wilhelm Busch created the strip Max and Moritz , about two trouble-making boys, which had a direct influence on the American comic strip. Max and Moritz was a series of severely moralistic tales in the vein of German children's stories such as Struwwelpeter ("Shockheaded Peter"); in one, the boys, after perpetrating some mischief, are tossed into a sack of grain, run through a mill and consumed by a flock of geese. Max and Moritz provided an inspiration for German immigrant Rudolph Dirks, who created the Katzenjammer Kids in 1897. Familiar comic-strip iconography such as stars for pain, speech and thought balloons, and sawing logs for snoring originated in Dirks' strip.
Hugely popular, Katzenjammer Kids occasioned one of the first comic-strip copyright ownership suits in the history of the medium. When Dirks left Hearst for the promise of a better salary under Pulitzer (unusual, since cartoonists regularly deserted Pulitzer for Hearst) Hearst, in a highly unusual court decision, retained the rights to the name "Katzenjammer Kids", while creator Dirks retained the rights to the characters. Hearst promptly hired Harold Knerr to draw his own version of the strip. Dirks renamed his version Hans and Fritz (later, The Captain and The Kids ). Thus two versions distributed by rival syndicates graced the comics pages for decades. Dirks' version, eventually distributed by United Feature Syndicate, ran until 1979.
In America, the great popularity of comics sprang from the newspaper war (1887 onwards) between Joseph Pulitzer and William Randolph Hearst. The Little Bears (1893-1896) was the first American comic with recurring characters, while the first color comic supplement was published by the Chicago Inter-Ocean sometime in the latter half of 1892.
In China, with its traditions of block printing and of the incorporation of text with image, experiments with what became lianhuanhua date back to 1884.
First daily newspaper strip
Beginning in 1907, Mutt and Jeff was the firstsuccessful daily comic strip. The American comic strip developed this format in the course of the 20th century. It introduced such devices as the word balloon for speech, the hat flying off to indicate surprise and specific typographical symbols to represent cursing. The first comic books were anthologies featuring reprints of newspaper comic strips.
Newspapers
Newspaper comic strips come in two varieties: daily strips and Sunday strips. Most newspaper comic strips are syndicated; that is, a syndicate hires people to write and draw the strip, and then distributes it to many newspapers for a fee. A few newspaper strips are exclusive to one newspaper. For example the Pogo comic strip by Walt Kelly originally appeared only in the New York Star in 1948, and was not picked up for syndication until the following year.
In the United States, a daily strip appears in newspapers on weekdays, Monday through Saturday, as contrasted with a Sunday strip, which typically only appear on Sundays. Daily strips usually use black and white and Sunday strips are usually in color, but a few newspapers have published daily strips in color, and a few newspapers have published Sunday strips in black and white. The major formats are strips, which are wider than they are tall, and single panels, which are square, circular or taller than they are wide. Strips usually, but not always, are broken up into several smaller panels with continuity from panel to panel. During the 1930s, the original art for a daily strip could be drawn as large as 25 inches wide by six inches high.
Proof sheets were the means by which syndicates provided newspapers with black-and-white line art for the reproduction of strips (which they arranged to have colored in the case of Sunday strips). Michigan State University Comic Art Collection librarian Randy Scott describes these as "large sheets of paper on which newspaper comics have traditionally been distributed to subscribing newspapers. Typically each sheet will have either six daily strips of a given title or one Sunday strip. Thus, a week of Beetle Bailey would arrive at the Lansing State Journal in two sheets, printed much larger than the final version and ready to be cut apart and fitted into the local comics page." Comic strip historian Allan Holtz described how strips were provided as mats (the plastic or cardboard trays in which molten metal is poured to make plates) or even plates ready to be put directly on the printing press. He also notes that with electronic means of distribution becoming more prevalent printed sheets "are definitely on their way out."
Cartoon panels
Single panels usually, but not always, are not broken up and lack continuity. The daily Peanuts is a strip, and the daily Dennis the Menace is a single panel. J. R. Williams' long-run Out Our Way continued as a daily panel even after it expanded into a Sunday strip, Out Our Way with the Willets . Jimmy Hatlo's They'll Do It Every Time was often displayed in a two-panel format with the first panel showing some deceptive, pretentious, unwitting or scheming human behavior and the second panel revealing the truth of the situation.
Early daily strips were large, often running the entire width of the newspaper, and were sometimes three or more inches in height. Initially, a newspaper page included only a single daily strip, usually either at the top or the bottom of the page. By the 1920s, many newspapers had a comics page on which many strips were collected together. Over decades, the size of daily strips became smaller and smaller, until by the year 2000, four standard daily strips could fit in an area once occupied by a single daily strip.
NEA Syndicate experimented briefly with a two-tier daily strip, Star Hawks , but after a few years, Star Hawks dropped down to a single tier.
In Flanders, the two-tier strip is the standard publication style of most daily strips like
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I'm back at the main theater. I'm sitting up front waiting for Mike and Jerry to take the stage to start creating a strip for onlookers, and answer questions.
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