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Mandala Airlines is an Indonesian low-cost domestic airline. Mandala operates scheduled services to 17 destinations within Indonesia (plus 11 other destinations served by codeshare agreement with TransNusa Air Services). Its main operational base is Soekarno-Hatta International Airport in Jakarta. The airline is positioning itself as a provider of safe and reliable service combined with a competitive pricing scheme.
History
PT Mandala Airlines was founded in April 17, 1969. The founders were Col. Sofjar, Maj. Gen. Raden Soerjo, Adil Aljol, Maj. (Air Force) Soegandi Partosoegondo, Kasbi Indradjanoe and Darwin Ramli. The airline was owned by PT Dharma Kencana Sakti, which in turn was the commercial arm of Yayasan Dharma Putra Kostrad, a foundation linked to Kostrad, the strategic reserve command of the Indonesian army. The airline was named after Operation Mandala , the military operations to incorporate West Papua into Indonesia. The name also refers to mandala, a Sanskrit term for a diagram symbolizing the universe, which is used as the logo of the corporation.
In its early years Mandala Airlines operated flights between Jakarta and destinations in eastern Indonesia, such as Ambon, Gorontalo, Kendari, Makassar and Manado. In 1972 Mandala took over Seulawah Air Service (another military-owned business), which flew to cities in western Indonesia, such as Banda Aceh, Banjarmasin, Medan, Padang, Palembang, Pekanbaru and Pontianak, giving the airline a national coverage.
Under military management, Mandala Airlines kept a relatively quiet existence as a second-tier airline. In 1992, it retired the last of its aged turboprop fleet and replaced them with leased second hand jet aircraft. In 2001, it suffered from a financial scandal, in which no less than IDR 135.5 billion (about USD 13.5 million) was stolen from the company funds by a senior Kostrad officer.
Despite being awarded as Indonesia's "Most Potential Brand in Airlines Service" in 2002, Mandala found it hard to compete with other recently-emerged Indonesian airlines. In 2005, Mandala experienced a high profile crash in Medan. At about the same time, political developments in Indonesia meant that military businesses were no longer acceptable, resulting in demands that Mandala Airlines be divested. After the Indonesian government refused to take over Mandala Airlines, Cardig International acquired the airline for IDR 300 billion (USD 34 million) in April 2006. Indigo Partners acquired 49% of Cardig's shares in October 2006.
Within one year of its acquisition, Mandala Airlines transformed its image into a modern airline satisfying international standards of safety. It adopted the low-cost carrier model, in order to compete with other low-cost airlines in Indonesia. Mandala Airlines created a special niche among Indonesia's low-cost carriers by creating an image as a safe airline, taking advantage of the relatively young age of its fleet. Mandala has now completed the IOSA (IATA Operational Safety Audit) of the International Air Transport Association (IATA), and other manufacturer audits. It contracted maintenance of its aircraft to Singapore Airlines Engineering Company (SIAEC). Its safety improvements were recognised by the European Union as Mandala was among four Indonesian airlines (the others were Garuda Indonesia, Airfast Indonesia and Premiair) officially struck from the EU airline ban list on July 14, 2009.
In January 2009, Mandala Airlines completed the phasing out of its older Boeing aircraft, replacing them with newer Airbuses. In April 20, Mandala moved its Jakarta operations to the new Terminal 3 of the Soekarno-Hatta International Airport.
Corporate identity
The airline's logo is a golden eight-pointed mandala reflecting the eight characters of humanity and the eight elements in Javanese tradition, with a five-petaled lotus in its centre reflecting Indonesia's five-principled state ideology, Pancasila. A new logo was unveiled in November 1, 2006, emphasizing the new image of the corporation. The new logo keeps the mandala and lotus theme of the original, but has a more streamlined design.
The current livery of Mandala Airlines is a eurowhite scheme, comprising of a white fuselage with a blue 'mandala' title. The company logo is applied on the tail and the outboard sides of engine nacelles. Mandala's previous livery was also a eurowhite scheme with a different typeface for the 'Mandala' title, a blue tail and the original logo. The airline's earliest scheme was a bare-metal lower and white upper fuselage with a blue cheatline across the cabin windows and a red 'MANDALA' title.
Other recent liveries used by Mandala Airlines include a gold and blue wavy scheme with a large billboard 'Mandala' title introduced in early 2006, a mainly-white scheme with gold and blue hockey stick stripes on the fuselage and a blue tail, and an all-white scheme.
Destinations
Mandala Airlines currently concentrates in Western Indonesia, serving destinations in Sumatra, Java, Bali and Kalimantan:
Further expansion is expected to bring Mandala to other destinations throughout Indonesia, several of which were former destinations:
In cooperation with TransNusa, Mandala serves destinations in Nusa Tenggara from Denpasar and Kupang:
In-flight service
Mandala Airlines is a single class service airline. It has a buy on board service offering food and beverages for purchase by passengers, but no in-flight entertainment. Seats are reserved and allocated during check-in. Free in-flight magazines and newspapers are provided during flight.
Mandala Airlines has a baggage allowance of 20 kg (44 lb) per passenger, with an extra 5 kg (11 lb) for priority passengers. Priority passengers also benefit from better seat locations (at the front of the aircraft), free lounge access and free food and beverages (both in lounges and during flight).
Ticketing
In line with current airline practice, Mandala Airlines uses an electronic ticketing and an e-payment system. The airline has a 24-hour call centre and a website for customers to book and pay for tickets electronically. Tickets for TransNusa destinations can be booked from the website, but flights involving the different airlines need separate bookings for each leg.
Codeshare
- Trigana Air Service, trading as TransNusa Air Services
Fleet
Since January 2009, Mandala Airlines is a single class aircraft operator, in possession of a fleet of the Airbus A320 family comprising of A319-100 and A320-200 types. Its fleet is the youngest among Indonesian airlines, averaging 7.1 years of age (as of January 2010), with the oldest dating from 1991.
Mandala's historic fleet includes the following types:
- Lockheed L-188 Electra (withdrawn by 1992)
- Vickers Viscount (withdrawn by 1992)
- Hawker Siddeley HS 748
- Fokker F.28 Mks. 3000 and 4000
- NAMC YS-11
- Antonov An-12 (operated by Air Sofia for Mandala Airlines)
- Boeing 727-200
- Boeing 737-200 (withdrawn by February 2008)
- Boeing 737-400 (withdrawn by January 2009)
Incidents and accidents
During its 40 years of operation, Mandala Airlines has experienced two significant accidents and several minor incidents. However, it has had no incidents since 2007, when it began to retire older aircraft and introduce newer ones.
- On February 1, 1975, a Vickers Viscount overran the runway during landing at Taipei Songshan Airport, Republic of China and ended up in a paddy field. Another Viscount overran the runway of Manado Airport on January 7, 1976. The aircraft was landing in intermittent slight rain, touching down 520 meters (1706 feet) down the runway, crossed a ditch and 3 drains before coming to rest 180 meters (591 feet) past the end of the runway. There were no fatalities in both incidents.
- On October 18, 1977, a Hawker Siddeley HS 748 crashed in Manila, Philippines during a certification flight. Two of three crew members were killed.
- On May 1, 1981, a Vickers Viscount ran off the runway at Semarang, causing the right main gear and nose gear to collapse. Another Viscount belly-landed at Yogyakarta on January 13, 1985. In both cases there were no fatalities but the aircraft was damaged beyond repair.
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On November 30, 1985, a Lockheed L-188 Electra had its main gear wheels separated when approaching for landing at Padang. The wheels fell through the roof of a watch repair shop. The aircraft was diverted to Medan for a wheels-up landing. All propellers broke off and the aircraft burst into flames after coming to rest. All 45 passengers and crew members survived, but the a
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